King Sobhuza II (1921 - 1982)
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Sobhuza II, Son of Ngwane V and Lomawa Ndwandwe, the world’s longest-reigning monarch.
Political Contributions: Led independence (1968) peacefully; repealed 1968 constitution (1973), introducing tinkhundla system; fought racial discrimination via multi-racial movements.
Economic Contributions: Established industries (e.g., Mdvutjane Plantation 1944, Usuthu Forest 1950); reclaimed land via buy-backs; introduced Lilangeni currency.
Social Contributions: Built schools (e.g., Swazi National High); reintroduced ceremonies (e.g., Umhlanga, Incwala); formed Umbutfo Defence Force (1972) for security.
Political Contributions: Led independence (1968) peacefully; repealed 1968 constitution (1973), introducing tinkhundla system; fought racial discrimination via multi-racial movements.
Economic Contributions: Established industries (e.g., Mdvutjane Plantation 1944, Usuthu Forest 1950); reclaimed land via buy-backs; introduced Lilangeni currency.
Social Contributions: Built schools (e.g., Swazi National High); reintroduced ceremonies (e.g., Umhlanga, Incwala); formed Umbutfo Defence Force (1972) for security.
